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General Articles & Blogs
01
Contract drafting is not merely the conversion of the parties’ agreement into written clauses; rather, it is a legal process aimed at defining rights and obligations, allocating risks, and eliminating areas of ambiguity before they develop into disputes. A well-drafted contract does not merely record what the parties have agreed, but also anticipates potential areas […]
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02
A bill of exchange is one of the most important negotiable instruments regulated by Trade Law No. 17 of 1999. It differs from a cheque and a promissory note in terms of its legal structure, parties, and effects. Its importance lies in allowing a negotiable debt to be documented while granting the holder – where […]
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03
When a trader becomes financially distressed or is declared bankrupt, not all creditors receive payment with the same priority. As a general rule, the debtor’s assets constitute the general security for creditors, but the legislator grants certain rights priority because of the nature of the debt or the existence of a statutory privilege or in […]
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04
Judicial supervision over a bankruptcy estate does not lose its importance once the bankrupt’s assets have been sold and converted into cash. Rather, it becomes particularly significant at a more sensitive stage: the distribution of the proceeds of the bankruptcy estate among creditors. At this stage, the amount actually received by each creditor is determined, […]
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05
By Mostafa El Rouby Law Firm and International Arbitration Preventing international disputes does not begin when a dispute arises and the parties choose arbitration or litigation; it begins much earlier, with the drafting of the contract itself. A well-drafted international contract does more than merely record the parties’ agreement. It allocates risks, defines obligations, addresses […]
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06
Payment of a forged cheque raises one of the most important forms of liability in banking practice, because the drawee bank deals with funds deposited with it for the customer’s account, and as a general rule it may not debit that account on the basis of a cheque that was not genuinely issued by the […]
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07
Endorsement is one of the principal means of transferring an endorsable cheque, as the beneficiary or lawful holder may transfer the rights arising from the cheque to another person by signing it in accordance with the rules regulated by Trade Law No. 17 of 1999. An endorsement transferring ownership produces two principal effects: transfer of […]
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08
Endorsement is one of the principal means of transferring an endorsable cheque, as the beneficiary or lawful holder may transfer the rights arising from the cheque to another person by signing it in accordance with the rules regulated by Trade Law No. 17 of 1999. An endorsement transferring ownership produces two principal effects: transfer of […]
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09
A bearer cheque is characterized by ease of transfer, as possession passes merely by delivery without the need for an endorsement transferring ownership. This flexibility may be useful in certain transactions, but it also increases the risks of loss, theft, or transfer of the cheque to another person from whom the original owner may find […]
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10
Cheques occupy an important position in banking and commercial transactions as instruments of payment payable on demand. Trade Law No. 17 of 1999 regulates the obligations of the drawer, holder, and drawee bank, and also establishes specific criminal liability for certain acts committed by bank employees in connection with cheques. It is important to distinguish […]
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11
Cheques occupy a special position in commercial and banking transactions; they are, in principle, instruments of payment payable on demand, rather than deferred credit instruments in the sense applicable to certain other negotiable instruments. Accordingly, Trade Law No. 17 of 1999 surrounds cheques with a set of rules governing their issuance, funds available for payment, […]
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12
Key Legal Advice for Avoiding Involvement Money laundering is a complex economic crime because it does not arise merely from the existence of large sums of money or unusual transactions. Rather, it presupposes the existence of proceeds derived directly or indirectly from a predicate offence, followed by the commission of one of the acts criminalized […]
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